CHAPTER 2 |
Possible Previous Appearances
We must bear in mind that the orbital periods of comets are affected by close encounters with planets, and Hale Bopp has just been changed in its orbit marginally, due to a close encounter with the planet Jupiter. Comet Hale Bopp will always reduce its orbital period somewhat when it passes near and above the planet Jupiter. Likewise, it will always increase its orbital period somewhat when it passes near and below the planet Saturn. If it encounters neither or both of these gas giants, its orbit will probably remain unchanged unless it makes a close approach to Earth or Venus.
The Second Exodus Appearance
If we project its orbit backwards 3600 ± 100 years to its last appearance (probably about 1500 BC - 1700 BC) we find ourselves remarkably close to the time of the Biblical Moses and the time of the Hebrews' exodus from Egypt ( about 1620 -1650 BC using both traditional Arab scholars' dating for the time of Abraham’s journeying 15 and also Kathleen Kenyon's dating for the time of the fall of the walls of Jericho) 16. Since this dating of the exodus does not find universal agreement among western scholars, some additional crosschecks are worthwhile for this critical time.
Various scholars have linked the time of the Exodus under Moses to the time of a massive explosion of the Santorini volcano. This is separately dated at almost exactly 1626 BC (through tree ring analysis) by Samuel Mathews 17. It is also given an unrefined C14 date of approximately 1400 BC by Ninkovich and Heezen 18 . When this crude date is refined by tree ring calibrations, according to data given by Renfrew 19 , it gives a refined date of about 1650 + 100 BC.
It should be noted that scholars have claimed the Santorini eruption was contemporaneous with the Phaeton conflagration and the flood of Deucalion, with the flood being caused by a tsunami or tidal wave in the Mediterranean that was generated by the volcano.
Brown et al 20 note that on the NSW coast, up to six ground surfaces have been clearly equated with higher sea levels. One of these dates to about 3750 BP, or about 1750 BC, plus or minus a degree of uncertainty.
Immanuel Velikovsky 21 has convincingly argued that the time of the Exodus coincided with the appearance in the solar system of a huge comet coming from the direction of Jupiter just like Hale Bopp has). This huge comet apparently passed fairly closely above Jupiter on this pass in about 1620 BC to 1650 BC (Greek myths said it came from out of the head of Jupiter but the Bible talks of the bright morning star (Venus / Lucifer) that tried to rise above the throne of the Lord God (ie Jupiter?) and was subsequently thrown back down (ie to the plane of the ecliptic).
What was possibly the main nucleus of this giant comet is then said to have become trapped in the inner solar system after close encounters with Earth and Mars, losing its tail and becoming the planet Venus Given that Hale Bopp seems to have simulated the past recorded appearance of either the comet Venus or a large comet associated with the planet Venus, and now passes back out through the plane of the ecliptic very near to but just outside Earth orbit, then, along with its other credentials, Hale Bopp is a strong contender for being the cometary debris previously associated at the time of Moses with what is now the planet Venus. This would place the last appearance of the comet at almost exactly 1626 BC, giving the comet a period of almost exactly 3622 years on its last pass.
Because of its close approach to the planet Jupiter, and its apparent involvement in dislodging what became the planet Venus (see Chapter 8) from its orbit around Saturn, the orbital period of the cometary debris was probably reduced a bit from its previous value ( say about 3900 years to about 3622 years).
The First Exodus Appearance
If we project Hale Bopp's orbit back two passes, and allow for a slightly longer orbital period of 3900 years on the earlier pass, we arrive at about 5526 + 100 BC (assuming no other orbit changes caused by near encounters with planets or erupting jets of material from the nucleus).
On the scientific side, Charles Hapgood 22 provides convincing evidence of accurate maps from the distant past that show Antarctica in relatively unglaciated form. These maps which place an unglaciated Antarctica at the South pole (as it is now) are highly suggestive of a tilt of the Earth's axis occurring roughly about 5500-6000 BC since Ross Sea deep sea bed cores 23 show that Antarctica was again fully glaciated by about 4000 BC after becoming unglaciated about 13000 BC.
Chatelain 24 notes that the Byzantines placed the beginning of time at 5507 BC. The psychic Edgar Cayce 25 speaks of an Exodus from Egypt as having occurred approximately 5500 BC, an Exodus that cannot objectively be related to the much later one led by Moses.
A date of about 5526 + 100 BC brings us reasonably close to the scribe Manetho's approximate date (via Africanus) of about 5856 BC for the sharp transition to the Pharonic dynasties in Egypt that were inaugurated by Menes 26 . (Although modern Egyptologists accept the Manetho sequence of Pharaohs, they quite irrationally, and without objective cause, choose to ignore his record of the length of their reigns even though no better information exists) For a new series of dynasties of Pharaohs to be initiated under Menes, something must have happened to his predecessors. There presumably was either a civil war or else an invasion during a natural disaster (like the invasion of Egypt by the Amalekites some 4000 years later). Otherwise the previous technologically advanced inhabitants of Egypt whose ancestors created the Giza pyramid complex would certainly have been very difficult to displace when they had their advanced technology to protect them. Either reason for their overthrow would presumably result in a subsequent exodus of refugees coming out of Egypt, but civil war seems the most probable.
We have already noted that the psychic Edgar Cayce speaks of an Exodus from Egypt as having occurred approximately 5500 BC, an Exodus that cannot objectively be related to the much later one led by Moses. It presumably occurred some time after the above hypothesised invasion or civil war. If Manetho's date for Menes is correct, then the refugees probably didn't get away till about 400 odd years after Menes' rise to power, and they probably did so during a natural catastrophe. The Hebrews were also in Egypt for a Biblically stated 400 odd years before the second exodus.
Somewhere near the time of Menes, the Sumerian civilization traditionally began, presumably established by the Egyptian exiles / refugees. It is from this Sumerian civilization that the Chaldean princess Sarah and her husband Abraham were in time to emigrate in about 2300 BC (according to Arab historians.), probably as refugees from the Akkadians invasion of about that time 15 . There is interesting confirmation for this concept of Sumeria being established by Egyptian refugees that is given by Isaiah 19, 19-25. Isaiah talks of the great pyramid in Egypt as being an altar and reminder to the Lord. It also talks of Egypt as being God's people, Assyria (ancient Sumeria) as being the work of his hands and Israel as being his possession. It also states that, at a future time, these three nations shall be a blessing to the world.
Now first Assyria and then Babylon became heirs to ancient Sumeria. Given the presumed link between Sumeria and Egypt, we should not be too surprised to note that Andrew Thomas 27 should report that "the lunar calendar of Babylon and the solar calendar of Egypt coincided in the year 11, 542 BC." Manetho (about 300 BC) placed the end of the reign of the gods in about 11,325 BC, whereas Herodotus placed it at about 11,340 BC. This agreement is close. Hence the beginning of at least one cycle of the Egyptian and Sumerian / Babylonian calendars occurred very near the end of an era It is also interesting, given Israel's reputed origins in ancient Sumeria, that the Sumerian / Babylonian calendar should have been lunar. This is noteworthy since, at a later time, the Lord God is said to have decreed that Israel shall reckon her time by the moon (as modern Israel does to this day).
The Final Destruction of Atlantis
If we project Hale-Bopp's orbit back three passes (assuming most recent pass took 3622 years and previous ones took 3900 + 100 years each), we arrive at about 9426 BC to 9626 BC. This brings us very close to Plato's date of approximately 9600 BC for the final destruction of Atlantis.
Diogenes Laertius (3rd century AD Greek historian) referred to an Egyptian register of 373 solar and 832 Lunar eclipses seen in Egypt, which Andrew Thomas 27 argues goes back a period of about 10,000 years, or to about 9600 BC.
Andrew Thomas also reports that the Zoroastrian books set the "beginning of time" at about 9600 BC.
Donnelly 28 links the final destruction of Atlantis to the presence and activities of a huge comet. More recently, Allan & Delair 29 have provided incontrovertible evidence that the Earth was severely damaged by massive supernova debris, sometime in the vicinity of 9500 BC.
There are extensive Egyptian hieroglyphics engraved on two sandstone walls near Gosford NSW. They incorporate a cartouche which refers to a being variously known as Khufu, Khnemu, Khnum - Khuf, Chnoupis etc. Wm. R. Fix 26 argues that this cartouche (in Egypt) refers to Hermes, the reputed architect of the great pyramid in about 10,500 BC. A copy of an unaccredited partial translation of these hieroglyphics in Australia has come to hand. The message is said to include:
The King of the South is carried away by two gods of a bygone magical age, with the sound of a rising celestial disc.
Given a possible reference to a son of Hermes, to the technology of flight, and to a comet which devastates land and slaughters people, these hieroglyphics may well go back to the time of the destruction of Atlantis in about 9600 BC.
A short-term magnetic reversal has been dated at approximately 12,400 + 1000 BP or at about 9400 BC - 11,400 BC , or very near Plato's date of about 9600 BC for the destruction of Atlantis.
The placement of the comet's appearance at about 9600 BC seems to be justified. This would mean that its orbital period between the fall of Atlantis and the first Exodus from Egypt took possibly 4074 years.
The Appearance that Deglaciated Antarctica
If we project Hale Bopp's orbit back four passes (assuming 4074 years for the first of the four passes), we arrive at about 13700 + 200 BC . This brings us very close to a presumed axis tilt about say 13500-14000 BC which is needed to explain the loss of glaciation in Antarctica by about 13000 BC as shown by Ross Sea deep sea core evaluations 23.
Egyptian Data on Polar Changes
It is worthy of note that Herodotus refers to information given to himself by the Egyptian priests to the effect that, since the founding of their civilization the sun had twice risen where it now rose, and twice risen where it now sets. Their civilization was founded about 11300 BC according to both Manetho and Herodotus ( supported by recent findings on the great pyramid of Giza) This switching of the directions from which the sun rises and in which it sets four times since about 11300 BC is quite consistent with the apparent results from three returns of a comet with Venus as its head, each causing the Earth to topple on its axis.
Two Earlier Appearances of Great Importance
If we look for previous reported past catastrophes of similar magnitude to those just quoted, we can find two of great importance. The very well proven psychic Edgar Cayce places such devastating events at 28000 BC and 48000 BC. Both of these events he attributes to the Atlanteans' misuse of technology but this may be a matter of the survivors looking for something to blame, and choosing a symptom rather than a cause.
Other psychic sources link the 48000 BC event to the destruction of the ancient motherland of Mu at a time when a large comet was very visible in the sky. The 48000 BC tilt of the earth on its axis is supported by Charles Hapgood. Brown et al 20 note that "basaltic eruptions, both explosive and effusive, took place in the Auckland city region of New Zealand, beginning about 50, 000 BP", or 48,000 BC. Encyclopedia Britannica (1971) assigns an age of 50 000 years to the meteorite crater in Winslow, Arizona, though some other authorities opt for a slightly younger date. In all, there are about seven positively identified meteorite craters that are similarly geologically recent though historically ancient.
Robert Scrutton 30 quotes Martinus, a Jesuit missionary and historian as follows, in reference to Chinese records of an observed polar shift:
"At the beginning of the second heaven, the Earth was shaken to its foundations. The sky sank lower and lower towards the north. The sun, moon and stars changed their motion [ note: They only appeared to do this to the observer because the Earth's axis was changing relative to its surface.] The earth fell to pieces and the waters in its bosom uprushed with violence and overflowed it. . . . the system of the universe was all disordered. The Planets altered their courses, and the great harmony of the universe and nature was disrupted . . . the sky sunk lower in the north. "
This last bit of information, related to China, would seem to correspond to Hapgood's change of the north pole from about 10 deg. east, 70 deg. north to about 80 deg. west, 50 deg. north. This event is dated at between 54,000 to 48,000 years ago, or at the reputed time of the destruction of Mu. This reference would consequently appear to be the Chinese version of the destruction of Mu, the first heaven, and their motherland.
A Lhasa record (ie Tibetan) 31 translated by Schielemann states " When the star of Bal fell on the places where now is only the sky and the sea, the seven cities with their golden gates and transparent temples, quivered and shook like the leaves in a storm; and behold, a flood of fire and smoke arose from the palaces. Agonies and cries of the multitude filled the air. . . But Ra Mu arose and said to them, 'Did I not predict all this?'"
Given that the disaster was foreseen, and that traditions claim that some people escaped disaster by fleeing to the colonies (just as some Atlanteans later fled to Egypt and the Americas, a couple of interesting dates crop up. Chatelain 24 is a consultant to NASA, but has an interest in our past. He cites legends telling us that the Egyptian calendar began in 49,214 BC (presumably citing Diogenes Laertius - 3rd century AD Greek historian). He also informs us that the Mayan calendar began in 49,611 BC. This is quite consistent with people getting out of the motherland with time to spare, just as others later fled Atlantis.
The books of 1 Chronicles (16,14-17) and Psalms (105) are very relevant in quoting King David in identical words. They speak of an everlasting covenant between the Lord God and Israel, a promise extended to a thousand generations. Since the Jews consider a generation to be a Jubilee of fifty years, then a thousand generations is fifty thousand years, the period between the reported destruction of the ancient motherland and the present day.
David is again quoted in identical words in Psalm 18 and 2 Samuel 22 on a matter that certainly did not occur in his time, but may well have occurred those 50,000 years BP.
When the waves of death
swept round me,
and the torrents of destruction overtook me,
the bonds of Sheol tightened about me
the snares of death were set to catch me.
Then in anguish of heart I called to the Lord
I called for help to my God
He heard me from his temple
and my cry rang in his ears.
The earth heaved and quaked
heaven's foundations shook
They heaved because he was angry
Smoke rose from his nostrils
devouring fire came from his mouth
glowing coals and searing heat.
He swept the skies as he descended,
thick darkness lay under his feet
He rode on a cherub, he flew through the air
he swooped on the wings of the wind.
He curtained himself in darkness
and made dense vapour his canopy
Thick clouds came out of the radiance before him
glowing coals burned brightly.
The Lord thundered from the heavens
and the voice of the most high spoke out.
He loosed his arrows, he sped them far and wide
his lightning shafts and sent them echoing.
The channels of the seabed were revealed
the foundations of the earth laid bare
at the Lord's rebuke,
at the blast of the breath of his nostrils.
He reached down from the height and took me
he drew me out of mighty waters
he rescued me from my enemies, strong as they were,
from my foes when they grew too powerful for me.
They confronted me in the hour of my peril
but the Lord was my buttress
He brought me out into an open place,
He rescued me because he delighted in me.
This psalm seems to place David in the motherland with the Bal star in the sky, and a rescuer who used flight technology. Psalm 40 complements the above Psalm.
I waited, waited for the
Lord,
he bent down to me and heard my cry.
He brought me out of the muddy pit,
out of the mire and the clay.
He set my feet on a rock
and gave me a firm footing;
and on my lips put a new song,
a song of praise to our Lord.
Many when they see will be filled with awe
and will learn to trust in the Lord.
These two psalms are almost certainly linked to the promise that the God of Israel made to Israel in respect to a thousand generations, over a space of fifty thousand years.
Interestingly enough Israel is a nation of thirteen tribes because Jacob adopted both of Joseph's sons as his own. The present appearance of comet Hale Bopp is the thirteenth appearance, exclusive of the time of the fabled destruction of the motherland at which time a promise would appear to have been made. I have given more detail on the death and rebirth of the ancient motherland in my booklet 32 and in chapters 13-14 of this report.
Edgar Cayce himself claims that the world disaster of 28000 BC produced the true flood of Noah with respect to Atlantis, but there have been many world floods and there are a number of indications that the "original flood of Noah" with just eight survivors dates back. to 105,000 BC in the motherland of Mu herself.
Josephine Flood 33 reports a magnetic reversal in 28000 BC, during which magnetic north swung 120 degrees to the south west before reversing itself an estimated 2500 years later.
Brown et al 20 note that on the NSW coast, up to six ground surfaces have been clearly equated with higher sea levels. One of these dates to about 29000 BP, or about 27000 BC, plus or minus a degree of uncertainty. This places it right in the middle of the two magnetic reversals referred to above.
Ninkovich and Heezen 18 give an unrefined carbon fourteen (C14) dating of about 23,000 BC for a massive eruption of the Santorini volcano that predated the one with an unrefined dating of 1400 BC. Accurate C14 correction data from tree rings does not go back this far, but the data given by Renfrew 19 suggests a reasonably linear trend giving a refined date about 20% greater than the unrefined date. If this trend continues, then a first approximation for this earlier cataclysmic eruption would be about 27600 + 3000 BC, which is virtually spot on 28,000 BC.
Ignatius Donnelly 28 links the trials of the Biblical Job to the appearance of a comet (Satan) at a time he feels can be dated at close to 28000 BC (in preference to a possible 2300 BC) based on the indicated time with respect to the precession of the equinoxes and the evident antiquity of the text of the book. At this time of Job the Isle of the Innocent (Atlantis?) was apparently threatened but not destroyed, which would support the argument for 28,000 BC (Atlantis clearly didn't exist by 2300 BC). His whole chapter on the book of Job is fascinating reading, as indeed, are all the rest.
Given that these first two cross checked disasters for Atlantis cited by Edgar Cayce are of appropriate magnitude to be of interest, it is pertinent to note that there are exactly five intervals of 4000 years between them, an interval which is consistent with an acceptable orbital period for Comet Hale- Bopp. The Ross Sea sea cores 23 indicate that Antarctica was also unglaciated at the coast from about about 40 000 BP to about 30 000 BP (28 000 BC), indicating another major Earth transition linked with an appearance of planet Nibiru. Prior to the glaciation transition of about 40 000 BP, Antarctica had been fully glaciated for about 94 000 years, so it apparently took some extra time for it to lose its ice after the axis shift of about 42 000 BP, compared with the axis shift of about 15 700 BP (when it only had to shed ice accumulated over about 14 000 years).
If we look at the interval between 13700 BC and 28000 BC , and subtract a value of 2500 years based on the presently estimated period of the magnetic reversal of 28000 BC (a possible reduced orbital period for Hale- Bopp due to the close encounter of 28,000 BC) we find that we have three periods of just over 3900 years to fill the gap. These are consistent with normal orbital periods for Hale-Bopp.
Alternately we could calculate that there are an average of four intervals of approximately 3600 years between 13700 BC and 28000 BC. This itself is significant since 3600 years is the time interval which Zecharia Sitchin 34 claims that the ancient Sumerians recorded as being the orbital period of Nibiru (planet of the crossing), a planet with a long elliptical orbit which Sitchin links to a universal flood. (The orbit of Hale-Bopp is certainly described by the concept "of the crossing" since it crosses the solar system rather than circles it.) In reporting this data, the Sumerians were probably drawing on the scientific records of Atlantis brought to Egypt about 10500 BC (see Chapter 8 for further details)..
It could be argued that the last four appearances of what is now the Hale Bopp comet were almost certainly associated with major world-wide disasters. Probably there were at least two others which brought human civilization to its knees and maybe there have been a total of twelve worldwide disasters exclusive of the destruction of the motherland of Mu 50,000 years ago, each associated with this comet. If the head of the comet on these encounters was big enough to become what is now the planet Venus, then such a scenario is quite understandable, but detailed analysis in this report suggests strongly that it was much bigger than this, and that it may not have been alone.